Print-Friendly Version



PEACEMAKER HERO:
RIGOBERTA MENCHU TUM

by Lydia Ratna

Centrum Voor Mundiaal Onderwijs
1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú thinks of herself, first and foremost, as an indigenous woman, even though her Mayan heritage puts her in disadvantage in Guatemala, her home country.

The indigenous people, with their multi-colored Huipils, are the native dwellers of the Americas for thousands of years. European explorers, or conquistadors, came to America in the 15th century, bringing with them diseases and guns. They also exploited the gold found in America to build majestic buildings in Europe. Because of the European explorers, the cultural artifacts of the indigenous people were ruined; their people died of European diseases. The Europeans also married the indigenous people, producing children who were culturally orphaned. Thus, the Europeans almost completely wiped out the indigenous civilization. In Guatemala, the government is made up of Ladinos, one of the various ethnic groups. Indigenous people bore most of the brunt from both the Ladino government and the guerrillas.

photo courtesy of the United Nations Cyber School Bus - Indigenous Peoples
Rigoberta Menchú, as so many other indigenous people did, lost members of her family from murders orchestrated by the Ladinos government. Her father, Vincente Menchú, was involved in a protest against the government before the government kidnapped and murdered him. Following the murder of her father, Rigoberta’s mother was raped, tortured and killed. The army also assassinated Rigoberta's brother, Petrocinio.

Rigoberta's family is only another sad example of the Ladinos government's oppression towards indigenous people. Since they are not acknowledged as citizens, they receive no protection from the government, and have to constantly bribe the corrupt government to stay out of jail. The government also intentionally looks for the people’s faults to create lawsuits against them in order to receive bribes. Further, the poor Guatemalans are not entitled to their lands; once they die, the land reverts to the government and not their children.

photo courtesy of RigobertaMenchu.org
Menchú became involved with various groups in their struggle for the indigenous people out of personal conviction and sense of justice. Because of her fight against the government, Menchú was labeled an enemy, and had to flee Guatemala for her life. During her time abroad, she met many people who were sympathetic to the indigenous people's plight. Her friends persuaded her to write a book about her life.

For a week she was interviewed by a French anthropologist who then produced the book I, Rigoberta Menchú. The book won much acclaim from the international society and brought focus to Guatemala. It lifted Menchú's status from an indigenous peasant to a living legend.

When Menchú wrote her book, I, Rigoberta Menchú, the guerrilla movement was at its peak. By the following decade, however, the movement had lost much support becaus the indigenous people did not benefit from the movement and only wanted the fighting to end. The guerrillas and the government soldiers occupied tyrannical positions, and the indigenous people felt caught in the battle between the two hostile groups.

A decade later, Menchú received a surprise call from a friend congratulating her for winning the Nobel Peace Prize. An hour later word came out that she had indeed won the prize, provoking mixed reactions from many sources. Some were glad, since the prize means more exposure for the struggle of indigenous people. Others griped that they never appointed Menchú as their leader and spokesman. She was both the first indigenous person and the youngest person ever to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. People all over Guatemala lit firecrackers, and toasted Menchú, who held a celebration for all her supporters.



Written by Lydia Ratna


RELATED LINKS

Heroines of Peace From the Nobel Prize E-Museum

United Nations Cyber School Bus - Indigenous Peoples

Rigoberta Menchú meets the press Salon Newsreal

EXTRA INFORMATION

To read about Rigoberta Menchu in Spanish,
click here to visit Mi Heroe’s Rigoberta Menchu story.

Works Consulted

* Menchu, Rigoberta. Crossing Borders. Verso, 1998.

* Stoll, David. Rigoberta Menchu and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans. Westview Press, 1999.

David Stoll's book, Menchú and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans maintains that Menchú dramatized much of her life in her book. However, most of the people whom Stoll interviewed are sympathetic towards Rigoberta and do not care that Menchú dramatized her story. In their minds, she had suffered as many Guatemalans did. In that way, Menchú had become a living icon of all the indigenous people's sufferings. However, the few who had read Menchú's book were enraged by her book.

Even though some people branded Menchú as a liar, the Nobel committee did not cancel her Nobel Prize, and Menchú still has a huge group of supporters. Because of the popularity of her books, people are drawn to the plight of the indigenous people. In the end, though the stories depicted in I, Rigoberta Menchú is not her own true story, it is an epitome of the story of all poor Guatemalans.

************************************

Rigoberta Menchú's statement in response to the September 11 attacks.

A Call for Wise Judgement


After careful consideration of today's events, I would like to share the following thoughts:

1. I firmly condemn the horrible terrorist attacks that have taken thousands of innocent civilian lives and have provoked an unpredictable spiral of violent consequences. Terrorism, wherever it may come from, is a politically unjustified and morally unacceptable behavior.

2. I express my profound condolences and solidarity with the victims, their families and the American people.

3. I call upon serenity and wise judgment to avoid a rushed and insensate response that could only result in an offensive revenge that only would feed an escalation of violence, that although knowing how and where it begins, nobody could predict when it is going to end.

4. I call upon the use of all available resources leading to a dialogue in order to build a world based on a common understanding, a fair acknowledgement of the problems that the international community faces, the existence of international law and an institutional framework, and the way the existing -selective and unilateral- hegemonic system affects a peaceful cohabitation.

5. I exhort the international community not to fall in a logic of war, seeking retribution for old and new controversies among nations and justifying actions against groups and sectors that have not found a pluralist disposition for the recognition and respect of their individual expressions in the existing institutional frameworks.

6. I call upon the media to avoid alarmist sensationalism based on interpretations of strong ideological bias that only increases the confusion and feeds the ghosts of intolerance.

7. Finally, I call upon the world's civil society, Nobel Prize Laureates, and all world leaders, not to rush to conclusions on today's events conforming instead a wide FRONT FOR WISE JUDGMENT in order to stop the cowardly use of violence and avoid further suffering to humanity.

Rigoberta Menchú Tum
Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Goodwill Ambassador of the Culture for Peace
Mexico City, September 11, 2001

Un voto por la cordura


Luego de conocer los sucesos que han conmovido al mundo desde las primeras horas de hoy, deseo hacer pública mi posición en los siguientes términos:

1. Condeno firmemente los repudiables actos terroristas que han costado miles de vidas civiles inocentes y han desatado una espiral de violencia de consecuencias imprevisibles. El terrorismo, venga de donde venga, es una conducta políticamente injustificable y moralmente inaceptable.

2. Expreso mi más profundo sentimiento de condolencia y solidaridad con las víctimas, sus familias y el pueblo estadounidense.

3. Hago un llamado a la serenidad y la cordura para evitar responder a la provocación y la insensatez con lo que podría resultar en una ofensiva revanchista que únicamente alimentaría una escalada de violencia que sabiendo cómo y dónde empieza, nadie podría prever cómo ni cuándo terminaría.

4. Invoco a extremar los recursos que hagan posible el diálogo entre un sistema mundial hegemónico, que incluye y excluye selectiva y unilateralmente, y la radicalidad desesperada de las respuestas que ha engendrado.

5. Alerto a la comunidad internacional sobre el peligro de que las acciones de estos grupos terroristas contribuyan a desatar una lógica de guerra, buscando dirimir viejas y nuevas controversias entre naciones y justificando acciones contra grupos y sectores que no han encontrado una disposición pluralista para el reconocimiento y respeto a sus expresiones identitarias en los marcos institucionales actuales.

6. Hago un llamado a los medios de comunicación a evitar el alarmismo fundado en interpretaciones de fuerte filiación ideológica, que sólo acrecienta la confusión y alimenta los fantasmas de la intolerancia.

7. Finalmente, convoco a la sociedad civil del planeta, a los Premios Nobeles y a quienes ostentan la responsabilidad de gobernar todos los países del mundo, a no precipitar conclusiones sobre los acontecimientos de hoy y comprometernos en un gran FRENTE DE LA CORDURA, que detenga la cobarde insensatez de la violencia y evite mayores sufrimientos a la humanidad.

Ciudad de México, 11 de septiembre de 2001
Rigoberta Menchú Tum
Premio Nobel de la Paz
Embajadora de Buena Voluntad de la Cultura de Paz


 
RECOMMENDED READING

Rigoberta Menchu Tum: Champion of Human Rights

by Julie Schulze


More Featured Peacemaker Heroes

Amy Biehl gave her life to ending apartheid in South Africa.Andrei Sakharov was a Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner devoted to justice and human rights.Andrew Greene Jr. of Sierra Leone teaches the world
about peace.
Archbishop Oscar Romero was a passionate voice of hope, peace and justice in war-torn El Salvador.
Ashoka was a fierce warrior-king who changed his ways and became a beloved peacemaker.Atsuko Shiwaku set up the International Intercultural Mural Exchange Project to promote peaceful coexistence.BETTY BIGOMBE was named 'Uganda’s Woman of the Year' in 1994 for her efforts to negotiate peace in Uganda.Chief Arvol
Looking Horse
 appeals to indigenous voices
across the world
to bring peace.
Coalition of Women
for Peace
 aims to make women a key part of the peace process in the Middle East.
Corbin Harney has spread a message
of peace throughout
the world.
Craig Kielburger believes kids can change the world.Dr. Caldicott  has
been a lifelong
anti-nuclear activist.
Dr. Ed Gragert works towards peace and global education.Dr. Fareed Zakaria offers the world a rare perspective on East-West relations.Elie Wiesel wrote the famous Holocaust memoir Night.Elie Wiesel is a Holocaust survivor and author, whose work spreads a message of peace.
Emily Greene Balch received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946.Florence Kelley was a faithful fighter for child labor laws, women's rights, and civil rights in the U.S.Friends Without Borders is building peace through children's heartfelt letters to one another in India and Pakistan.Gerson Andres Florez Perez was nominated
for the Nobel Peace
Prize at age 16.
Greg Mortenson promotes peace by building schools in Pakistan and Afghanistan.Guernica : Picasso's
work of art evokes
peace worldwide.
Hadraawi, Beloved Peacemaker / Poet
of Somalia
 is a powerful voice for peace in his country.
Hassan 2 was a monarch who worked for peace in the Middle East
Hugo Grotius was a scholar who advocated for peace between nations based on natural law and reason.Ibrahim Alex Bangura makes
music that sends a
message of peace
and tolerance.
Jason Crowe 
received the UN's
Global Peace &
Tolerance Award.
Jehan Sadat is a
leader for peace
and women's
rights in Egypt.
Jimmy Carter has dedicated his life to humanitarian and philanthropic causes.Jimmy Carter 
For as long as she can remember, Sherry Lansing has considered President Carter her hero.
John Wallach helps young people learn to make friends of enemies.Kim Dae-Jung brought democracy and economic stability to South Korea.
Kimmie Weeks survived the war in Liberia and now works to rebuild communities in war-torn countries.Kofi Annan  is an honored freedom and peacemaker hero.Le Ly Hayslip is a humanitarian, memoirist, and powerful peacemaker.Loung Ung 
from Cambodia is a national spokesperson for a landmine-free world.
Lyndon Harris: People Making a Difference founded The Gardens of Forgiveness Project.Malika Sanders was born into the Civil Rights Movement and continues work today.Marc Kielburger is a human rights activist who has dedicated his life to helping others.Martin Luther King, Jr. brought change through non-violence.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was a hero of faith, peace, and tolerance. Mattie Stepanek is
a hero to people
of all ages
around the world.
Mattie Stepanek:
For Our World
 
Mattie’s poems of peace and hope have touched millions of lives
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat came to be a great advocate for peace.
Mohamed Anwar El Sadat risked his life for peace.Mohamed ElBaradei is dedicated to ridding the world of nuclear weapons.Mohandas K. Gandhi used non-violence to free India from British rule.Muhammad Yunus started a bank for poor people in Bangladesh.
My Hero & Childnet ask
"How can we use the Internet
as a Tool for Peace and Hope?"
 
Nickole Evans is
using technology
for peace.
Oprah was honored by the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity .Oscar Arias Sanchez won a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to establish peace in Central America.
Peace Children voted
overwhelmingly for
peace and change.
Peace Palace
International Court Of Justice
 seeks global peace and justice by settling disputes between countries.
Peace Pilgrim walked over 25,000 miles for peace.PeaceJam Foundation 
Students from around the world focus on a Global Call to Action for peace on the anniversary of 9/11.
Postpessimists is working for change
in the Balkans.
Rigoberta Menchu Tum was the first Guatemalan to
receive the Nobel
Peace Prize.
Romeo Alain Dallaire is a celebrated humanitarian for his work during the Rwandan genocide.Ron Kovic has
worked for peace
for over three
decades.
Roshi Bernie Glassman finds
peace in using
Zen to help
others.
Ruty Hotzen inspires students from around the world through Talking Kites, iEARN.Ryuichi Hirokawa photographer who illuminates the needs of children in crisis.Sarah Winnemucca was an advocate for Paiute rights and the first Native American woman to publish a book.
The Art Miles
Mural Project
 
teaches respect
and understanding through art.
The Everest Peace Project 
promotes peace, teamwork, and cultural understanding.
Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Prize for Peace for brokering a treaty between Japan and Russia.UWC Initiative for Peace  brings together teens from India and Pakistan to discuss nuclear disarmament.
  
Winston Churchill was one of the first to recognize and warn others of Hitler's danger to freedom and human rights.Yitzhak Rabin made peace a priority as the leader of Israel.  

 

Last changed on:9/16/2004 2:41:40 AM